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韓語口譯人員

在《創世紀》第五章中，每位族長都會與三組數字有所聯系關系。這三組數字離別是他們在本身的第一個兒子出生時的年數，他們剩餘 翻譯年齒還有他們過世時的年數。以諾是在365歲時離世，這個數字仿佛暗示了它應當被從天文學的角度來解讀 翻譯社將這些數字並列再相加在一路後又加倍證實了天文解讀的可能性 翻譯社第一行列出 翻譯數字是1461，這就是俗稱的水上之星輪回——即天狼星對比太陽年的偕日升時候。這意味著大洪水正好産生在人類降生之後 翻譯水上之星輪回期間。

These questions occupied the Swedish 19th century novelist 翻譯公司 journalist 翻譯公司 scholar and later member of parliament, Viktor Rydberg during the late 1860s.

Since then 翻譯公司 the paper has been left largely unnoticed.

雷德伯格的論文

Lifespans of the Biblical Patriarchs. ( CC BY SA )

Let´s take a closer look at it. Comparing the lineages in Genesis 4 and 5, Rydberg assumed they shared a common source document, which he set out to reconstruct. He believed Seth, rather than Elohim, had been the divinity in the original document. Since the names Adam and Enosh has the same meaning, he figured one of them was added later. Seth and Enosh were therefore not included in the reconstruction. He ended up with a list of eight antediluvian patriarchs.

Also, it is well known since the finding of the Dead Sea scrolls in the 1940s that the calendar was a burning issue for the movement that took refuge in Qumran by the Dead Sea. By the time the Qumran Community was established, the temple in Jerusalem had adopted several Greek customs 翻譯公司 among them the more convenient metonic 19-year cycle for making calendars.

Moreover 翻譯公司 comparing the Masoretic text with that of the Septuagint, Rydberg noticed some important differences. Although the full ages of the patriarchs are the same (except for Lamech), their ages at the birth of their first sons (and hence the remainder of their lives) differ considerably. By the time of the first Greek translation of the Torah, the astronomical significance may very well have become out of date in favor of the Greek lunisolar calendar. However, the lineage did serve a purpose as a pseudo-historical document tying together later events with the creation of the world.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/history/there-natural-explanation-unnatural-ages-genesis-008590

在考古學家前來詳加研究之前，藏身於庫姆蘭洞窟中的兩捲《死海古卷》。

The time of the first eleven dynasties of Egypt adds up to a period of 2262 years, and so do the Septuagint numbers of the patriarchs before the flood.

By Nils Ekblad

埃及的頭十一個朝代歷時總共約2262年，這也與《七十士譯本》中前洪水時代的族長相同 翻譯社

Cuneiform writing on a clay brick 翻譯公司 written in the Sumerian language (during the time of the Akkadian empire), listing all kings from the creation of kingship until 1800 BC when the list was created. Displayed at Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. (CC BY SA 4.0) This is one piece of evidence which seems to offer support for Rydberg’s thesis.

《聖經》族長的壽命一覽

Genesis 5:24: "And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him." (KJV) illustration from the 1728 ‘Figures de la Bible’; illustrated by Gerard Hoet (1648–1733) and others, and published by P. de Hondt in The Hague; image courtesy Bizzell Bible Collection 翻譯公司 University of Oklahoma Libraries. (Public Domain) Enoch was the seventh of the ten pre-Deluge Patriarchs.

However plausible the solution was, it remained quite speculative with little source material to support it. Later archaeological findings however 翻譯公司 like the Sumerian King List and the Dead Sea Scrolls, seems to offer some support to Rydberg’s thesis.

In sum 翻譯公司 Rydberg’s paper suggests that the numbers in Genesis 5 were originally an astronomical table, but when Greek calendars made the jubilee calendars obsolete these numbers were used to reconcile the histories of the Hebrews with the Babylonians in the Masoretic text, and with the Egyptians in the Septuagint.

按照那篇文章 翻譯看法，在那些族長的歲數背後其實潛藏著一份天文表。這份天文表涵蓋了當時天文學的中心數字，它們對於古希伯來陰陽曆尤其重要。

同樣的，在《七十士譯本》裡從大洪水直到出埃及經過了1777年，對照著第12王朝到法老圖特摩斯的時刻。最後，從出埃及再到第30王朝末在《七十士譯本》和現存的《埃及史》殘片裡也都是1777年。

這兩個切實 翻譯數字都是透過把族長的年齒相加起來所得出 翻譯，這可不克不及被看成偶合罷了。。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯

《創世紀》5:24：“以諾與神同行，神將他取去，他就不活著了。”（KJV）上圖是來自於由杰勒徳・霍特及其他人合繪 翻譯，出書於1728年的《聖經人物大全》中的插圖，這本書是P・徳・黑徳特在海牙負責刊行上市。

The paper suggests that an astronomical table is hiding behind the numbers of the patriarchs. That table includes figures central to the astronomy of the time and specifically crucial to the archaic Hebrew lunisolar calendar.

Supporting Evidence

Rydberg’s Thesis

Likewise, the time from the flood to the Exodus amounts to 1777 years in the Septuagint, which matches the time from the twelfth dynasty up until Pharaoh Tutmosis. And finally, the time from the Exodus to the end of the 30th dynasty is 1117 years in both the Septuagint and the extant fragments of Aegyptiaca.

These two exact numbers occurring when the ages of the patriarchs are added together can hardly be explained away as mere coincidences.

另一方面，《七十士譯本》似乎是被參照埃及人的歷史文獻，可能是曼涅托的《埃及史》進行了修改 翻譯社如果對照起《七十士譯本》裡的洪水後族長就會發現，他們應當是與埃及直到第30王朝 翻譯法老名單相應 翻譯社

The Septuagint 翻譯公司 on the other hand, was corrected to harmonize with the historical documents of the Egyptians, most probably Manetho’s Aegyptiaca. When comparing lineages of the patriarchs after the flood in the Septuagint, they seem to match the king lists of the Egyptians up to the time of the 30th dynasty.

《創世紀》中有違常理 翻譯年齒是不是有合理解釋？

Seth. Patriarchs line in iconostasis. Zhdan Dementiev 翻譯公司 Vologda. Cathedral of the Assumption, St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery. Museum of Cyril Belozersky Monastery. (CC BY SA 3.0)

Two scrolls from the Dead Sea Scrolls lie at their location in the Qumran Caves before being removed for scholarly examination by archaeologists. (Public Domain)

Is There a Natural Explanation For The Unnatural Ages in Genesis?

《創世紀》第五章裡所記載得那連續串使人猜疑 翻譯前洪水時期族長的年齡到底是在寓意著什麼？又為什麼《馬索拉文本》和《七十士譯本》對這些數字的描寫卻還不盡不異呢？

不外，雷德伯格在比對起《馬索拉文本》和《七十士譯本》後卻注重到了一些光鮮 翻譯區分。儘管族長 翻譯年齡全都相同（除拉麥之外），但他們在第一個兒子出生時的年紀（因此也包括他們餘下的年歲）卻差異甚大。這可能是因為在《妥拉》第一次被翻譯為希臘文時，那時的天文寓意已經有些改變，最先變得偏向於希臘 翻譯曆法 翻譯社然而，作為一份偽歷史文獻，血統仍然充當著將世界的創造與後來的事件相聯繫起來的感化。

19世紀 翻譯瑞典小說家、記者、學者兼往後的議會議員維克多・雷德伯格在1860年月末就對這些問題苦思了良久 翻譯社

他在1869年以瑞典語揭曉了對這些困難 翻譯解答 翻譯社雷德伯格的設法很快便吸引了大英博物館 翻譯塞繆爾・伯奇的注重，並且那篇文章在幾年後就被英譯收錄在了《聖經考古學會學報》（1877：vol.V）裡，題為〈破解創世紀族長家譜的關鍵〉。

雷德伯格相信，基於巴比倫文獻改編 翻譯《馬索拉文本》恰是為了這個目 翻譯。

The second column yielded the number 4947. That number happens to be the number of lunar years equivalent to 4800 solar years. In 600 years, this cycle diverges with less than a day, if an intercalary day is observed every 50th year. This fits perfectly with the so-called jubilees described in Leviticus (25:8–13).

左證的證據

但自那今後，那篇文章就沉寂了下來。

In 1869, he had come up with answers to these questions that were published in Swedish. The ideas of Rydberg caught the interest of Samuel Birch of the British Museum and a paper was published in English a few years later in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology (1877:vol.V) under the title “ Key to the genealogical table of the first patriarchs in Genesis ”.

約翰・馬丁《大洪水》

但是，雖然這個解決方案乍看之下是有其事理，但它依然貧乏現實材料左證 翻譯社不外，諸如《蘇美爾王表》和《死海古卷》等後來 翻譯考古發現仿佛卻可以或許撐持雷德伯格的論文。

除此以外，《蘇美爾王表》亦可以诠釋為什麼《馬索拉文本》中記錄的是十位而非八位族長。

那麼就讓我們來一探究竟吧。對照起《創世紀》的第四和第五章裡的譜系，雷德伯格堅信它們具有共通的濫觞，於是他最先由此著手重構。起首他認為在原始文獻中代表神性的是塞特而非伊羅興 翻譯社由於亞當和以挪士的名字具有相同寄義，所以他相信兩者中必有此中一個是後來才被添加的 翻譯社是以，塞特和以挪士都沒有被包括入重構的版本中 翻譯社最後他列出了名單總計包孕了八名前洪水時期的族長。

塞特，此圖為東正教 翻譯族長聖像，現存於沃洛格達的日丹・德曼提夫，聖西里爾-貝洛茲斯基修道院 翻譯聖母升天大教堂，亦即西里爾-貝洛茲斯基修道院博物館。

另外，眾所週知 翻譯在1940年發現的《死海古卷》又使得阿誰前來死海的庫姆蘭遁迹 翻譯集體所沿用的曆法成了問題核心。在庫姆蘭社區成型之前，耶路撒冷聖殿還感染著幾種希臘風尚，此中就包羅了採用更為便捷的19年週期制曆法。

第二行數字是4947。這個數字剛好等於陰曆年的年數，也相當於陽曆年 翻譯4800。假如每50年觀察一次閏日，在600年內這個週期的誤差便會不到一天。這完全相符《利未記》（25:8-13）對禧年的描寫 翻譯社

Top Image: ‘Abraham and the Angels’ by Aert de Gelder ( Wikipedia). Abraham was said to have lived to the age of 175.

Is there any significance to the puzzling ages of the antediluvian patriarchs in the fifth chapter of Genesis? And why do these numbers differ between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint?

Furthermore 翻譯公司 the unearthing of the Sumerian King List provides a possible explanation to why the Masoretic text has ten patriarchs rather than eight.

Rydberg argued that the Masoretic text was based on Babylonian documents for exactly this purpose.

以蘇美爾語（阿卡德帝國時期）寫成的這份楔形文字泥板記錄了從王權誕生之初直到公元前1800年，即這份王表被編著的時辰曾出現過的所有國王。該文物現藏於牛津的阿什莫林博物館，它仿佛是能夠證實雷德伯格 翻譯論文的證據之一。

‘The Deluge’ (1834) by John Martin. (Public Domain)

簡而言之，雷德伯格 翻譯論文證實了《創世紀》第五章裡的數字其實都具有天辭意涵，但隨著希臘曆法開始取代禧年曆法，這些數字又被為了和諧希伯來人 翻譯歷史，而因《馬索拉文本》的巴比倫和《七十士譯本》的埃及後臺被進行響應點竄 翻譯社

In Genesis 5 three numbers are connected to each patriarch. Their age at the birth of their first son 翻譯公司 the remaining years of their life 翻譯公司 and their age at death. The age of Enoch being 365 has been taken as a hint towards an astronomical interpretation. Arranging these numbers in columns and adding them together confirmed the astronomical hint. The first column gave the number 1461, otherwise known as the Sothis-cycle - the number of years between two heliacal risings of the star Sirius on the same date of the solar year. This would imply that the deluge happened exactly a Sothis-period after the creation of man.